Of all known types of vascular pathology, the most common is varicose veins.Let us pay attention to the section of the article: the most common material is taken into account in this material - in turn, the location of "varicose", namely the expansion of the veins on the legs.The other options are relatively less common, however, in the field of vision of specialized and related specialists, they also fall constantly;These are, for example, the expansion of the veins of the esophagus, the seed, the small pool, etc.In other words, associating the term "expansion of varicose veins" only and exclusively with the lower limbs, which are practiced in daily speech, would be incorrect.However, in the professional environment, a certain terminological variety is still observed: in certain sources, the "varicose veins" are used in certain sources, in others, "the expansion of varicose veins" is separated from "varicose disease", etc.
The varicose veins of the lower limbs are a very unpleasant polysiimptomatic disease, accompanied by notable external manifestations.The cosmetic defect on the legs is generally progressing over the years, and many patients (mainly women) are much more worried than hemodynamic disorders and organic changes in venous walls.These patients, or rather, patients tend to use a variety of intramedician methods and methods of eliminating varicose veins ", at best harmless, and sometimes considerably aggravating the situation. Meanwhile, the untreated and neglected forms of venous pathology are responsible for the most serious consequences, and during the first symptoms (see below), as possible as possible: as possible: as possible:Other diseases are much better to treat the first steps.
Back to the question of prevalence, a wide range of published epidemiological assessments must be noted.This is Partly due to regional different differences and age-related trends (The Older the Examination, the More the Share of Clinically significant boxes in it), Partly the Different in Diagnostic Approaches, But the Main Reason for Statistical Ambiguity is, Apparently, the Design of the Conduct Studies: In Some Cases, Reporting Medical Documentation is analyzed(Which is reflected, in essence, not reflect, not in essence, not the prevalence, and the frequency of calls for help with this disease), in others, certain categories of the population are specially examined, during which characteristic symptoms are recorded, then the real frequency of their occurrence in the general population is evaluated.Even if you throw extreme assessments, the situation with the varicose veins of the lower limbs is very depressing: one degree or another, at least 55 to 65% of women and 15 to 25% of mature men suffer.Such an imbalance between soils is due to anatomical and hormonal differences, as well as the reproductive function of a woman (pregnancy, childbirth), which, in many cases, becomes a direct prerequisite for the development of venous disorders.
The tendency to "rejuvenate" such pathologies can only be disturbed by the average age of the appearance of the disease, most sources call for the interval of 20 to 30 years, however, cases of varicose veins on the feet of schoolchildren, including young men, increase from year to year: growing changes in lifestyle (reduction in physical activity) and food regimesSmall affected gray substances.
Reasons
First of all, it should be noted that the expansion of varicose veins is not diagnosed with regard to the arteries: this "curse" lies on the veins.The arteries, of course, are also vulnerable and predisposed to various pathological changes, but in this case, aneurysms (local sculsions), atherosclerosis, various types of obstruction (narrowing of light), thromboembolia (blockages), etc.are more often observed.Compared to the arterial, the venous walls are less durable and elastic, less resistant to stretch deformations under load or internal pressure;They are easier to adapt and become partially permeable, as a result of which blood seal or its individual fractions through the venous wall can begin.The fact that varicose veins are most often observed in the lower limbs, many researchers consider one of the side effects of the evolutionary transition to simplicity (the other serious "tribute" that humanity pays the release of hands, is the pathology ofthe spine).The entire body weight is based on the legs, which creates an abnormally high load on the joints and the circulatory system.We know reliably that people were already suffering from varicose veins in ancient times;Then the dominant cause was apparently constant transport of weight.This factor is relevant today (certain types of sports and work activities), however, as civilization has developed, in particular in the past one or two years, the charges have increased several times with the advent of "seated" and "standing" professions: any stagnant phenomenon for the vein is fatal.Direct risk factors include obesity, vegetable food deficiency in food, injuries (including surgery, for example, the consequences of an orthopedic operation), congenital vascular anomalies, hereditary predisposition and sex (see above).Thrombosis of the deep veins and concomitant inflammation (thrombophlebitis) lead to serious changes in the venous system of the legs;Thus, as a distinct form of the expansion of varicose vegetables in Western literature, post-trombophlebitic syndrome is considered.A large group of provocative factors is made up of diseases and conditions that determine an increase in intra-abdominal pressure: tendency to constipation, chronic cough, etc.;In such cases, expansion of varicose veins is detected, as a rule, not only in members.
In addition, it is advisable to say on the course of tobacco, which is rightly called the "veins killer".The connection is so obvious and cramped that many experts have greatly set the condition for a complete rejection of smoking before starting any treatment.The ethical aspects of such a medical position can be argued (recently, the demagogic term "chauvinism of non-smoke" has even appeared), but in the fact that if this condition is not observed, the treatment becomes automatically devoid of meaning and useless, there is no doubt.A passionate smoker, who, in this case, requires the exercise of the right to medical assistance, is similar to a drug addict, which plans to eliminate dependence and withdrawal syndrome, but will continue to take medication.
At the organic and anatomical level, the main cause of varicose veins is the failure of the venous valves, which should exclude reflux (blood flow in a direction opposite to normal, which creates excessive pressure in the veins).In fact, with the study of the causes and mechanisms of the development of the dysfunction of venous valves, with the development of the first methods of its surgical correction at the end of the 19th century, modern phlebology began as a medical science of vein diseases, methods of their treatment and their prevention.
In general, it is necessary to admit that the abundance of reasons described above - the meaning of each of which is confirmed several times and reliably by large -scale studies - still does not form a single system.Thus, under almost equal conditions, in the same combinations apparently, apparently risk factors, in a person, the varicose veins of the lower limbs develop and progress rapidly, and in the other vein for decades remain intact.This suggests that today the etiopathogenesis has not been clarified until the end, and that any other, even the most effective of modern therapeutic strategies, remains in fact palliative.However, phlebology is developing extremely dynamically today, and the "missing links" in our knowledge of varicose veins will be, in all likelihood, identified and studied in the predictable future.
Symptoms
Often, the precursors or the first symptoms of the venous blood circulation disorders are subcutaneous stars or the meshes of the small blood vessels of the extended and visible.Then, the swollen nodes, rolled up or located in clusters, form on the calves.The legs with varicose veins swell and tire, many patients complain of frequent painful convulsions in the legs (including at night), feeling of itching, heat, "group flesh", etc.out);Bleeding in this case can be very strong and cause massive blood loss.
Diagnosis
An experienced phebologist recognizes varicose veins from the first superficial look.However, an additional examination, of course, is also necessary as the collection of a story and detailed complaints.There are a number of special functional samples, and according to instrumental methods, the most important is angiography and ultrasound of X -ray contract in the Dopplex Dopplex scanning mode.
Treatment
During the previous decades, specialized "phlebology" was generally interpreted as a synonym of vascular surgery.Thus, it was implicitly implicitly implicit that there can be no surgical treatment of venous pathology.However, to date, the situation has changed considerably and the main changes relate to the last 15 to 20 years.The course of use - as far as possible and illustrated - are some high methods - and microinvasive methods are summed up in all surgical specializations, and the treatment of varicose veins on the legs today does not necessarily imply a "large" operation.As a rule, therapy is complete and begins with conservative measures-according to the indications, plight medications, anticoagulants and anti-agents and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.You can only use an elastic bandage or compression knitting after consulting a doctor (in particular, the bandage technique must be explained in detail - from the fingers, with the compulsory capture of the heel and the progressive weakening of the compression closer to the knee).Therapeutic physical education, water procedures, diet (it is also necessary to normalize body weight) and hiaudotherapy is effective.
However, varicose veins remain a surgical disease, that is to say that the radical effect can only be obtained by surgery.There are many specific phleectomy techniques - elimination of veins, whose residual functional viability does not reach 10% of the standard.At the same time, the poorly invasive methods mentioned above are more widespread, which have several advantages (less traumatic, the possibility of an ambulatory treatment "one day", the absence of twisted cosmetic defects, etc.).The most promising and most effective of these methods includes sclerotherapy (artificial watering, "sticky" venous walls with a special solution, which is administered by microeds), laser therapy (including intravenous), radiofrequency removal (a thin probe is introduced into the vein, as the walls are "sealed").
It should be understood that the effectiveness of any treatment in this case depends directly on the patient's stage to obtain help.It is not necessary to put the question to the "large" surgery: the varicose veins of the lower limbs are completely cured today, but this disease itself does not pass.